Important National & International Days

 1. Lewis Braille Day – January 4

 2. World Laughter Day – 10 January

 3. National Youth Day – 12 January

 4. Army Day – 15 January

 5. Leprosy Prevention Day – 30 January

 6. India Tourism Day – 25 January

 7. Republic Day - 26 January

 8. International Day of Customs and Excise - 26 January

 9. Sarvodaya Day – 30 January

 10. Martyrs Day – 30 January

 11. World Cancer Day – 4 January

 12. Rose Day – February 12

 13. Valentine's Day - February 14

 14. International Mother Language Day – 21 February

 15. Central Excise Day – 24 February

 17. National Safety Day – 4th March

 18. International Women's Day - March 8

 19. Foundation Day of KSW Force – 12 March

 21. Ordnance Manufacturing Day – 18 March

 22. World Forestry Day – 21 March

 23. World Water Day – 22 March

 24. Martyrs Day of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru – 23 Days

 25. World Meteorological Day – 23 March

 26. Ram Manohar Lohia Jayanti – 23 March

 27. World TB Day - 24 March

 28. Rural Postal Life Insurance Day – 24 March

 30. National Day of Bangladesh- 26 March

 31. World Theater Day – 27 March

 32. World Health Day – 7 April

 33. Ambedkar Jayanti – 14 April

 35. World Haemophilia Day – 17 April

 36. World Heritage Day – 18 April

 37. Earth Day - April 22

 38. World Book Day – 23 April

 39. World Labor Day – 1 May

 40. World Press Freedom Day – 3 May

 41. World Migratory Bird Day – 8 May

 42. World Red Cross Day – 8 May

 44. National Technology Day – 11 May

 45. World Museum Day – 18 May

 46. ​​World Nurse Day – 12 May

 47. World Family Day – 15 May

 48. World Telecommunication Day – 17 May

 50. Biological Diversity Day – 22 May

51. Mount Everest Day – 29 May

52. World Anti Tobacco Day – 31 May

53. World Environment Day – 5 June

54. World Blood Donation Day – 14 June

55. International Olympic Committee Foundation Day – 6 June

56. World Yoga Day - 21 June

57. National Statistics Day – 29 June

58. Birthday of P.C. Mahalanobis – June 29

60. State Bank of India Foundation Day – 1st July

61. Doctor's Day – July 1

62. Birthday of Dr. Vidhanachandra Rai – 1st July

63. World Population Day – 11 July

64. Kargil Memorial Day – 26 July

65. World Breastfeeding Day – 1 August

66. World Youth Day – 12 August

67. Independence Day – 15 August

68. National Sports Day – 29 August

69. Dhyanchand's birthday – 29 August

70. Teacher's Day - 5 September

71. International Literacy Day – 8 September

73. World Day of Fraternity and Apology – 14 September

74. Engineer's Day - 15 September

75. Cumulative Day – 15 September

76. Ozone Layer Protection Day – 16 September

77. Raising Day of RPF – 20 September

78. World Peace Day – 21 September

79. World Tourism Day – 27 September

80. International Day of Older Persons – 1 October

81. Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti – 2nd October

82. International Day of Non-Violence – 2nd October

83. World Nature Day – 3 October

84. World Animal Welfare Day – 4 October

85. World Teacher's Day – 5 October

86. World Wildlife Day – 6 October

87. Air Force Day – 8 October

88. World Post Day – 9 October

90. Jayaprakash Jayanti – 11 October

91. World Standards Day – 14 October

93. World Food Day – 16 October

94. World Iodine Deficiency Day – 21 October

95. United Nations Day – 24 October

96. World Frugality Day – 30 October

97. Death anniversary of Indira Gandhi – 31 October

98. World Service Day – 9 November

99. National Legal Literacy Day – 9 November

100. Children's Day - 14 November

101. World Diabetes Day – 14 November

102. World Students Day – 17 November

103. National Journalism Day – 17 November

104. World Adult Day – 18 November

105. World Citizens Day – 19 November

106. Universal Children's Day – 20 November

107. World Television Day – 21 November

108. World Prohibition of Non-vegetarian Day – 25 November

109. World Environment Protection Day – 26 November

110. Christmas Day - December 25

Revenge

A 19 year old joins Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta to pursue a PG degree in Mathematics.

The institute was headed by a world-famous Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (PCM).

PCM was the author of India's Second 5-Year Plan which was popularly known as Mahalanobis plan.

PCM had an enmity with the 19 year old's father on a certain business issue.

Using his power as Head of the Institute, PCM prevailed upon other Professors to fail the 19 yr old again and again.

Try he may with all his study and hard work, the youngster could not clear the exams.

He was on the brink of ruin when he came to know that PCM was behind his continuous failures.

What can a 19 yr old do to a highly placed Professor who wielded enormous influence.

But he decided to take on PCM.

With this single point agenda, he sat in the library and started reading all of PCM's works and publications.

Those were the No-Google days.

The youngster spent months in the library reading everything that had reference to PCM.

He came across PCM'S theory on practical analysis and found out that it was copied from a publication by a lesser-known Russian Professor in 1930.

He also identified that the famous Mahalanobis 5-yr plan India's second was a copy of the Russian Professor's plan of 1930.

The youngster knew that his attempt to expose this in the print media will not be successful, given PCM's enormous influence. He wrote a detailed note to the Economics Dept at Harvard explaining his findings.

Harvard immediately took note of this as it concerned the Second 5-Yr Plan of India. They in turn wrote to the journal that had published PCM's work.

The journal in turn checked out the veracity of the youngster's note and wrote to PCM asking him to explain, failing which they threatened to publish the youngster's note. PCM was stumped and was helpless.

The journal then proceeded to expose the plagiarism of PCM and further announced the withdrawal of PCM's article it had published earlier. PCM lost his international reputation.

PCM lost his international funding support, the opportunity to write articles on his other works and the collaborations he had built with other international Professors all in one stroke. He was reduced to nothing.

The damage to his reputation was far more severe than that would have been created by a dagger driven to his heart.

The youngster received a letter from the Economics Dept at Harvard. Praising the extensive research of the 19 yr old, the University offered him an opportunity to study Economics at Harvard with Rockefeller Scholarship support.

That 19 years Old boy is Dr.Subramanian_Swamy

NETAJI GANESHA

Jai Hind  Ganesha having looks like NETAJI

September 1946  Mumbai (Ganesh Chathurti)
Lalbaugcha Raja Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Mandal,  Est, 1934 is a famous Sarvajanik Puja  Mandal. One of the special notable features of this Mandal was that Lord  Ganesha was adorned in different attires. During British Raj,  People  of this Mandal celebrated this auspicious occasion by giving.
Ganesha a form of Netaji Subhash like  looks.
This happened after Royal Naval Mutiny and the protests conducted by people to release INA soldiers 

Harshnath Temple

Harshnath Temple is an ancient Hindu temple situated in the Sikar district Rajasthan,Bharat 

This Shiva temple, according to an inscription dated 973 CE, was built by the Shiv ascetic Bhavarakta, during the reign of Chahamana king Vigraharaja II. It is surrounded by various shrines which lie in ruins.

The original temple was later destroyed by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1679. In 1718 Rao Shivsingh constructed a new temple adjacent to the old temple using the ruins of the old temple.

Exactly same type of temple also situated at Harsh Village, Bilara Harsh Deval Temple, Dist Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Harsh Deval Temple at Bilara was also built in 10th century.

The temple and its surrounding shrines are now in ruins. The main temple faces east. Its pillars are intricately carved. On the inside west wall is carved a figure of standing Parvati [labelled Vikata] in panchagnitap along with her female attendants.

Seth Ramdas Ji Gudwale

Seth Ramdas Ji Gudwale - Great Revolutionary of 1857.

 Seth Ramdas ji Gudwala was a billionaire and banker of Delhi. And the last Mughal emperor was a close friend of Bahadur Shah Zafar. He was born in Delhi in an Agarwal family. His family had established the first cloth mill in Delhi. There was a saying of his richness "Ramdas ji Gudwala has so much gold and silver jewels that he can stop even the water of Ganga from his walls".

 When the spark of revolution started from Meerut in 1857 reached Delhi, the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was declared the hero of the military revolution of 1857. After the defeat of the British from Delhi, Indian armies of many princely states camped in Delhi. There was a problem of their food and salary. The king's treasury was empty. One day he placed the ornaments of his queens in front of the ministers. Ramjidas Gurvale was a close friend of the emperor. Ramdas ji did not see this state of the emperor. He handed over his property worth crores to the emperor and said "If the motherland is protected then wealth will be earned again".

 Ramjidas not only gave money, but also arranged for sattu, flour, grain, fodder for oxen, camels and horses to the soldiers.

 Seth ji, who had done only business so far, also started the work of organization of the army and intelligence department, seeing the power of his organization, the British generals were also surprised.

 He spread a network of spies all over North India, made secret contact with many military cantonments. He built a powerful army and intelligence organization within. Send spies to every corner of the country and prayed to the smallest mansabdars and kings to get the country independent by helping Bahadur Shah Zafar in this crisis.

 Due to such revolutionary activities of Ramdas ji, the British rule and officials started getting very upset, due to some reasons the British re-occupied Delhi. One day he got boxes of bottles of poison mixed liquor placed in front of the shops of Chandni Chowk, the British army would quench their thirst and lie down there. The British understood that the end of Ramdas ji is very important if they want to rule India.

 Seth Ramdas Ji Gudwale was caught fraudulently and the way he was killed is an example of cruelty.

 First they were tied with ropes to the poles, then they were rescued by hunting dogs who devoured their bodies while they were alive. After that he was hanged in the same condition in front of the Kotwali of Chandni Chowk, Delhi.

 The famous historian Tarachand has written in his book 'History of Freedom Movement' -

 "Seth Ramdas Gudwala was the richest Seth of North India. He had innumerable pearls, diamonds and jewels and immense wealth in the view of the British. He was richer than the Mughal emperors. His wealth was also discussed in the European markets" .

 But the name that he has in the history of India is not because of his incomparable wealth but because of sacrificing everything in the freedom struggle, which very few people know today!

Sri Chaturanga Vallabha Nadhar

Lord Shiva defeated Goddess Rajarajeshwari in chess in this Temple is located at Bhuvanur in Tiruvarur district, Tamilnadu.

The king prays to Lord Nellaiyapar ( Siva ) for a child.  Lord Shiva blesses that Goddess Parvati will be born as a daughter.  Both the king and the queen find a conch on the river bank.  When they take the conch it turns into a girl.  The child is named Rajarajeshwari and brought up.  Chamundeswari, one of the Saptamathas, is sent by Shiva to take care of the child.  Rajarajeshwari excels in all arts and plays chess well.  So the king decide for his girl to marry the best chess player.  Lord Shiva appears as Siddha.  He tells the king that he will marry Rajarajeshwari after winning the game of chess.  Siddhar wins the chess game and marries Rajarajeshwari to get the king to agree.  God blesses everyone to see divine marriage.  We worship him with the name Chaturanga Vallabha Nadhar.

Partition of Akhanda Bharat

Partition of India was done how many times ?

SEVEN times in 61 years by the British rule.

Afghanistan was separated from India in 1876,

Nepal in 1904,

Bhutan in 1906,

Tibet in 1907,

Sri Lanka in 1935,

Myanmar (Burma) in 1937

&...

Pakistan in 1947.

India's Partition of Akhanda Bharat

Unbroken India extended from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean and from Iran to Indonesia. India’s area in 1857 was 83 lakh square kilometers, which is currently 33 lakh square kilometers. 

Sri Lanka

The British separated Sri Lanka from India in 1935. The old name of Sri Lanka was Sinhaldeep. The name Sinhaldeep was later renamed Ceylon. Sri Lanka’s name was Tamraparni during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. Mahendra, son of Emperor Ashoka and daughter Sanghamitra went to Sri Lanka to propagate Buddhism. Sri Lanka is a part of united India.

Afghanistan

The ancient name of Afghanistan was Upganasthan and Kandahar’s was Gandhara. Afghanistan was a Shaivite country. The Gandhara described in the Mahabharata is in Afghanistan from where the Kauravas’ mother was Gandhari and maternal uncle Shakuni. The description of Kandahar i.e. Gandhara is found till the reign of Shah Jahan. It was a part of India. In 1876 Gandamak treaty was signed between Russia and Britain. After the treaty, Afghanistan was accepted as a separate country.

Myanmar (Burma)

The ancient name of Myanmar (Burma) was Brahmadesh. In 1937, the recognition of a separate country to Myanmar i.e. Burma was given by the British. In ancient times, the Hindu king Anandavrata ruled here.

Nepal

Nepal was known as Deodhar in ancient times. Lord Buddha was born in Lumbini and mother Sita was born in Janakpur which is in Nepal today. Nepal was made a separate country in 1904 by the British. Nepal was called the Hindu nation of Nepal.  Nepal was called as Hindu Rashtra Nepal. Until a few years ago, the king of Nepal was called Nepal Naresh. Nepal has 81 percent Hindus and 9% Buddhists. Nepal was an integral part of India during the reigns of Emperor Ashoka and Samudragupta. In 1951, Maharaja Tribhuvan Singh of Nepal appealed to the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to merge Nepal with India, but Jawaharlal Nehru rejected the proposal.

Thailand

Thailand was known as Siam until 1939. The major cities were Ayodhya, Shri Vijay etc. The construction of Buddhist temples in Siam began in the third century. Even today many Shiva temples are there in this country. The capital of Thailand Bangkok also has hundreds of Hindu temples.

Cambodia

Cambodia is derived from the Sanskrit name Kamboj, was part of unbroken India. The Kaundinya dynasty of Indian origin ruled here from the first century itself. People here used to worship Shiva, Vishnu and Buddha. The national language was Sanskrit. Even today in Cambodia, the names of Indian months such as Chet, Visakh, Asadha are used. The world famous Ankorwat temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, which was built by the Hindu king Suryadev Varman. The walls of the temple have paintings related to the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The ancient name of Ankorwat is Yashodharpur.

Vietnam

The ancient name of Vietnam is Champadesh and its principal cities were Indrapur, Amravati and Vijay. Many Shiva, Lakshmi, Parvati and Saraswati temples will still be found here. Shivling was also worshiped here. The people were called Cham who were originally Shaivites.

Malaysia

The ancient name of Malaysia was Malay Desh which is a Sanskrit word which means the land of mountains. Malaysia is also described in Ramayana and Raghuvansham. Shaivism was practiced in Malay. Goddess Durga and Lord Ganesha were worshiped. The main script here was Brahmi and Sanskrit was the main language.

Indonesia

The ancient name of Indonesia is Dipantar Bharat which is also mentioned in the Puranas. Deepantar Bharat means the ocean across India. It was the kingdom of Hindu kings. The largest Shiva temple was in the island of Java. The temples were mainly carved with Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. The Bhuvanakosh is the oldest book containing 525 verses of Sanskrit.

The names or motos of the leading institutions of Indonesia are still in Sanskrit :

Indonesian Police Academy – Dharma Bijaksana Kshatriya

Indonesia National Armed Forces – Tri Dharma Ek Karma

Indonesia Airlines – Garuda Airlines

Indonesia Ministry of Home Affairs – Charak Bhuvan

Indonesia Ministry of Finance – Nagar Dhan Raksha

Indonesia Supreme Court – Dharma Yukti

Tibet

The ancient name of Tibet was Trivishtam which was divided into two parts. One part was given to China and the other to Lama after an agreement between the Chinese and the British in 1907. In 1954, India’s Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru accepted Tibet as part of China to show his solidarity to Chinese people.

Bhutan

Bhutan was separated from India by the British in 1906 and recognized as a separate country. Bhutan is derived from the Sanskrit word Bhu Utthan which means high ground.

Pakistan

There was partition of India on August 14, 1947 by the British and Pakistan came into existence as East Pakistan and West Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Jinnah had been demanding a separate country on the basis of religion since 1940 which later became Pakistan. In 1971 with the cooperation of India Pakistan was divided again and Bangladesh came into existence. Pakistan and Bangladesh are parts of India.

How many of us are aware of this history, is?????

ANCIENT ART OF INDIAN SURGERY

The vast medical literature of ancient India remains, as yet, unexplored. Due to the limitations of language and the long history of India under constant invasions, the results of researches done by our ancient Rishis remain in a sad state of neglect.

Shalya, or Surgery, is one of the eight departments of Ayurveda. Shalya means broken arrow or a sharp part of a weapon and Tantra means maneuver. Shalya Tantra embraces all processes, aiming for the removal of factors responsible for producing pain or misery to the body or mind. In the work of Sushruta it occupies the first place. Medicine and Surgery, though part of the same science are treated as distinct branches.

Sushruta is the father of surgery. Sushruta is reverentially held in Hindu tradition to be a descendent of Dhanvantari, the God of medicine. Sushruta lived 2000 years ago in the ancient city of Kashi, now known as Varanasi or Banaras in the northern part of India. The definition of an ideal surgeon according to the great surgeon Sushruta is:

“A person who possesses courage and presence of mind, a hand free from perspiration, tremor-less grip of sharp and good instruments and who carries his operations to the success and advantage of his patient who has entrusted his life to the surgeon. The surgeon should respect this absolute surrender and treat his patient as his own son.”

Charaka, Atreya, Hartia, Agnivesha, and others are accepted as guides more in medicine than in surgery while Dhanvantari, Sushruta, Aupadhenava, Aurabhra, Paushkalavata, and others were surgeons rather than physicians, having written elaborate works on the art of healing by mechanical and instrumental means.

When a patient requires a surgical procedure, the physician says to his patients, “Atra Dhavantarinam adhikaras kriyavidhau”, meaning, “It is for the surgeon to take in hand this case.” There is no doubt that ancient surgery was lacking in comparison to modern science, but, that should in no way stop us from giving due acknowledgment to the ancients.

Surgical instruments used by the ancient Hindus are very small when compared with the armamentarium of a surgeon of the twenty-first century. The reason for this is that the instruments the ancient Hindus used were enough for their requirements because most of the diseases now dealt with by the surgeon were then cured medicinally. For example, an abscess was made to subside using certain kinds of plasters. Cases of urinary calculi were treated with antilithics and diuretics were administered so as to act as solvents for the stone. Surgery was the last resort and avoided unless extremely necessary.

Yet, the ancient Hindus’ earliest works mention no less than one hundred and twenty five surgical instruments for ophthalmic, obstetric, and other operations. They were experts in forming new ears and noses.

On this subject Dr Hirschberg of Berlin says, “The whole plastic surgery in Europe had taken its new flight when these cunning devices of Indian workmen became known to us. The transplanting of sensible skin flaps is also an entirely Indian method.” The same writer also gives credit to the Indians for discovering the art of cataract couching, “which was entirely unknown to the Greeks, the Egyptians, or any other nation.” The cataract operations are, it is said, performed by Indian practitioners with great success even to this day. The Hindus were also experts in performing amputations.

Another interesting case to look at is related to smallpox. Inoculation for smallpox seems to have been known to Hindus from a very early age.

Long before Edward Jenner was born, certain classes in India, especially cowherds, shepherds, and the like had been in the habit of collecting and preserving the dry scabs of pustules. They used to place a small amount of this on the forearm and puncture the skin with a needle. As a result of this inoculation, the classes are supposed to have enjoyed a certain amount of immunity from smallpox.

Sushruta classifies surgical procedure into the following classes:

Aharya – extracting solid bodies

Bhedya – excising

Chhedya – incision

Eshya – probing

Lekhya – scarifying

Sivya – suturing

Vedhya – puncturing

Visravaniya – evacuating fluids

Proper guidelines adopted for a successful surgical procedure were:

The surgeon, before commencing an operation, must equip himself with all the requisites, such as the instruments, salts, bandages, honey, oil, water, etc.

For successful surgery, Hindus induced anesthesia using intoxicants such as wine and henbane (Cannabis indica).

The surgeon should have practical experience of his art, and should have seen many surgical operations performed by others. He should be intelligent, steady, skillful, and should execute his work with a light hand.

The patient should be allowed to take light food before any operation is performed upon him. Intake of food should be avoided in case of abdominal operations.

After the operation is completed, Sesamum poultice should be applied on the wound and a cloth bandage be tied round it.

An incense should be kept burning in the operational room (often medicinal herbs like Neem).

The surgeon should not leave his patient without offering a prayer to the Gods for his speedy recovery.

The wound must be dressed at regular intervals until it is all healed up.

As stated in the blog earlier, there are in total one hundred and twenty-five surgical instruments mentioned for surgical procedures. These are grouped under two heads — Yantras (appliances) and Shastras (instruments).

There are in total 105 yantras, grouped into six categories as:

Svastikas – forceps and pincers, twenty-four in number

Sandashas – tongs, two types

Talas – two types

Nadis – tubular instruments like catheters, twenty varieties

Shalakas – bougies, thirty types

Upayantras – dressings like cloth, twine, etc., twenty-six in number

The last, but most indispensable implement in surgical operations is,

Hand, undisputedly the best surgical instrument.

On the other hand, Shastras (instruments) are twenty in number.

They are :

(1) Ardhadhara 

(2) Atimukha

(3) Ara

(4) Badisha

(5) Dantashanku

(6) Eshani

(7) Karapatra

(8) Kartarika

(9) Kritharika

(10) Kijshapatra

(11) Mandalagra

(12) Mudrika

(13) Nakhashastra

(14) Shararimukha

(15) Sucm

(16) Trikurchaka

(17) Utpalapatraka

(18) VriddhiPatra

(19) Vrihimukha, and

(20) Vetaspatra.

In order to acquire precision in surgery, the preceptors made their pupils practise different operations on various objects. Incision, for instance, was practised on Pushpaphala (Cucurbita maxima), Alabu (Langenaria vulgaris), Kalinda (Citrullus vulgaris), Trapu (Cucumis pubescens), and other fruits; scarification on the fresh hides of animals on which the hair was allowed to remain; venesection was practised on the vessels of dead animals and on the stalks of the water lily; the art of probing and stuffing on bamboo, reed, cavities of wood and on dry Alabu extraction of solid bodies on Panasa (Artocarpus integrifolia), Bilva (Aegle Marmelos), Bimbi (Cephalandra indica), and on the teeth of dead animals. Ligaturing and bandaging were practised on dummies; application of caustics and the actual cautery on pieces of flesh and catheterization on an unbaked earthen vessel filled with water.

Sushruta took surgery in medieval India to admirable heights and is rightfully regarded as the Father of Surgery. Sushruta’s brilliance is astounding when it comes to surgical science. The lost art of Indian Medicine deserves investigation and preservation.

TEJ KAUR JI

There were unknown SIKH WOMEN TOO JOINED JHANSI RANI REGIMENT ON THE CALL OF NETAJI. 

 TEJ KAUR JI OF JHANSI RANI REGIMENT OF AZAD HIND FAUZ , FORMED BY NETAJI . She received training of how to use  Rifles and Guns in the battlefields.  She underwent military and combat training with drills, route marches as well as weapons training in rifles, hand grenades, and bayonet charges.. 

Sikh women, too, answered the call to fight for Indian Independence and joined the force. They came from the Straits Settlements, Malaya and some came from Siam, Shanghai etc .

The unit was raised in July 1943 with volunteers from the expatriate Indian population in Southeast Asia.The unit was named the "Rani Jhansi Regiment" after Rani Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhans, a renowned Indian queen and freedom fighter.

The women  wore khaki uniform like the men. It was found that the ordinary Lee-Enfield 303 rifle was rather too big for them (most of the women belonged to South India), so it was arranged to obtain either the Ross pattern (Canadian) or the Dutch type of rifle, as was used in Indonesia. These were lighter and shorter but these had one disadvantage—the bayonet could not be fixed on many of these types of rifles; so instead of bayonets they carried short swords. 

Mrs. Neera Arya

 Neera Arya was born on March 5, 1902 in Khegra, Uttar Pradesh to a wealthy industrialist.  He completed his primary education in Kolkata.

 Neera Arya with Saraswati Rasamani in the Indian National Army

 The brave woman who allowed her "breast to be cut" to protect Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose!  She is Neera Arya. married Srikanth Jairanjohn Das who was a CID Inspector in the British Police.  Neera Arya is a true patriot.  Although her husband was a genuine British employee.

 Neera was a patriot in the Jhansi Regiment of the Indian National Army led by Subhash Chandra Bose.

 Davain's husband Inspector Srikanth Zoiranjan Das spied on Subhash Chandra Bose.  And Srikanth Jairanjohn Das once fired at Bose,

 But luckily, Bose escaped unhurt.  To save Subhash Bose, Neera stabs her husband to death.

MAHARISHI KANADA

The atomic theory which was discovered by Maharshi Kanada 2600 years ago.

Kanāda was an ancient Indian natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy, which is also considered to be the origin of Indian physics. His name "Kanāda" means "atom eater" as he is known for developing the founda tions of an atomistic approach to physics.

Kanada's school of thought explains the creation and existence of the universe through an atomistic theory based on logic and realism, and it is one of the earliest known systematic realist ontologies in human history.

Kanāda situates his work within a broader moral framework by defining Dharma as something which promotes material progress and the highest good.

He proposed that there are nine constituents of reali ties: four classes of atoms (earth, water, light, and air), space (akasha), time (kla), direction (disha), an infinite number of souls (Atman), mind, and consciousness (manas).

Rishi Kanada was one of first rishis to introduce gravity 

आत्मकर्म हस्तसंयोगाश्च संयोगभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम। नोदनाद्यभिषोः कर्मतत्कर्मकारिताच्च संस्कारादुत्तरंतथोत्तरमुत्तरं च । संस्काराभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम अपां संयोगाभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम द्रवश्वास्यन्दनम्

Action of body and it's members is also from conjunction with the hand.In the absence of conjunction falling results from Gravity. The first action of arrow is from impulse; the next is resultant energy produced by the first action, and similarly the next next.In the absence of resultant/propulsive energy generated by action, falling results from Gravity. The falling of water in absence of conjunction is due to Gravity Flowing results from fludity[Vaisheshika 5.chp1]

Laws of motion by Rishi kanand

वेगः निमित्तविशेषात कर्मणो जायते । Change of motion is due to impressed force.

वेगः निमित्तापेक्षात कर्मणो जायते नियतदिक क्रियाप्रबन्धहेतु

Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force and is in the direction of the force.

वेगः संयोगविशेषविरोधी

Action and reaction are equal and opposite.

The ideas of Kanada included a wide range of fields, and they influenced not only philosophy, but possibly scholars in other fields such as Charaka who wrote a medical text that has survived as Charaka Samhita.

Kanāda was among the sages of India who believed in man's potential to understand existence and reach moksha on his own.

The true being is eternal, having no cause its indicator is its effect. The presence of the effect arises from the presence of its cause"

- Vaisheshika Sutras 41-3

The Vaisheshika-sutras written by Kanada are divided into 10 chapters, each with two sections. This is followed by an enu meration of the categories of being recognized in the system: substance, quality (guna), action, universality, particularity, and inherence (samavaya).

Kanada argued for qualities (guna) and motions (karma), there are seventeen fundamental characteristics which range from things like taste, touch and smell, to pleasure and pain, to size and number while the five kinds of motion include up, down, contracting, expanding and going.

His Vaisheshika philosophy appears with alternate names, such as "Aulukya philosophy" derived from the nickname Uluka (literally owl, or grain eater in the night).

the atomic theory given by Kannad are as follows;
1.He called atom as Parmanu and said that an atom can have two States, a state of absolute rest and state of motion
2.Parmanu combine with each other to form a molecule
3.Parmanu is not visible to the naked eye
4.Parmanu who is indestructible and that is eternal
5.It cannot be further divided and thus is indivisible
6.Anything that subdivides results in the creation of atoms or Parmanu after sometime, these Parmanu are the smallest things existing.
7.The basis for all the material science is Parmanu or atom.

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The Gokak committee report recommended that in the 3 language formula, Kannada should be the ………… Language
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Rupnarayan Temple Diveagar

VISHNU WORSHIPPED IN TWIN TEMPLES

BHAGWAN VISHNU HAS BEEN CARVED OUT OF BLACK MARBLE IN BOTH SUNDERNARAYAN TEMPLE AND RUPNARAYAN MANDIR IN MAHARASHTRA. LOCAL RED LATERITE STONE HAS BEEN USED IN BOTH TEMPLES

In village Diveagar of Konkan region of Maharashtra is this beautiful complex of Sundernarayan and Rupnarayan temples. The complex is located on the road leading to the beach in the village. The temple sea beach (Sundernarayan) was constructed by the king of the Shilahar dynasty in the 13th century. Rupnarayan temple has been recently con- structed. Both the temples are constructed out of local red laterite stone, popularly known as 'chira' by the local people.

Deep stepwell near this temple is a landmark structure. Unlike many other temples of Konkan, this temple has a beautiful shikhar. Rupnarayan Mandir has a Sabha Mandap and the plan of the temple is very simple, it is rect angular, with the Garbha Griha included within. There are no walls to the Sabha Mandap of Rupnarayan Mandir. The roof is supported by the columns. The temple is an example of the achievement of aesthetic through simplicity and perfect proportion The Sundernarayan temple is anancient and The deity of the temples is Bhagwan Vishnu.

The Idols have been carved out of black marble in both the temples. These temples are on a plinth also made out of Chira stone. The plinth is hardly one feet in height. Deep stambha is also within the complex. Construction and design of the new temple is very sensitively accomplished and merges with the original composition.

Temple is in the vicinity of the sea and sur rounded by lush green coconut and betel nut trees. The entire ambience is just beautiful and serene. The complex does not have any protec tive compound wall. The old Sundarnarayan temple needs more care, attention and affection from the local people and the administration. More and more people can then take the experience of the serenity of our temples and have a calm and peaceful experience.

Dr.UJWALA CHAKRADEO

4,000-Year-old Copper Weapons

They had big weapons, used large swords - some close to 4 feet long - and arms that had sharp, sophisticated shapes, like starfish. Our ancestors, nearly 4,000 years ago, fought brutally and hard, a chance discovery under the ground in UP's Mainpuri seems to suggest.

Archaeologists have called the findings "exciting".

Earlier this month in Mainpuri's Ganeshpur village, a farmer was levelling his two-bigha field when he found a large number of copper swords and harpoons beneath the soil.

He took all of them home as he thought these were precious objects made of gold or silver. However, some locals informed cops and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) swung into action.

Among what was found were various swords, some that archaeologists are calling "antenna swords and harpoons'", with a hook at the bottom.

Experts say a hoard of 4,000-year-old copper weapons discovered by chance under a field in Uttar Pradesh's Mainpuri can be traced to the copper age.

"These copper hoards belong to the Chalcolithic period (copper age) and the presence of Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP) is directly associated with this time,"

 "Bronze was a specialty of the Harappan - basically an urban civilisation during the copper age - but studies have revealed that such hoard implements were primarily made from copper and not bronze,"

OCP culture is generally dated between 2,000 and 1,500 BCE. Pottery of this period had a red slip but gave off an ochre colour on the fingers of the archaeologists who touched it, hence the name. Director of conservation and spokesperson of ASI, Vasant Swarnkar, said there have been several discoveries that can prove the material found at Mainpuri was nearly 3,800-4,000 years old. "A carbon dating test was also carried out on samples taken from nearby Sanauli (Baghpat), Madarpur (Moradabad), and Sakatpur (Saharanpur) sites. They have proven to be from 2,000 BC (4,000 years ago)," he said.

"The presence of weapons indicates the people of this age were involved in fighting and that could be between two large groups for land or rights. These weapons couldn't have been held by the common man..

V. V. S. Aiyar

Varahaneri Venkatesa Subramaniam Aiyar (2 April 1881 – 3 June 1925), also known as V. V. S. Aiyar, was an Indian revolutionary from Tamil Nadu who fought against British colonial rule in India. His contemporaries include Subramanya Bharathi and V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, who subscribed to militant forms of resistance against the British colonial government. He went into exile in Pondicherry, then under French rule, when his militant activities attracted a warrant for his arrest from the British colonial government. 

Venkatesa Subramaniam Aiyar was born on 2 April 1881 in the suburb of Varahaneri in Tiruchi. After his early education, he studied in St. Joseph's College and took his B.A in History, Politics, and Latin; he studied for the Law profession and passed the Pleader (junior lawyer) examination from the Madras University in 1902. He then practised as the pleader in the District courts of Tiruchi. Aiyar then moved to Rangoon in 1906 and started practising as a junior in the Chambers of an English Barrister. From Rangoon, he left for London in 1907 and enrolled in Lincoln's Inn aiming to becoming a Barrister at Law. While in London, Aiyar came into contact with Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, an Indian revolutionary, at the India House. Under Savarkar's influence Aiyar began to take an active role in the militant struggle for Indian independence. Aiyar had a son and two daughters.

Aiyar's militant attitude prompted the British Raj in 1910 to issue a warrant for his arrest for his alleged involvement in an anarchist conspiracy in London and Paris. Aiyar resigned from the Lincoln's Inn and escaped to Paris. Although he wished to remain in Paris as a political exile, he had to return to India. Aiyar landed in Pondicherry on 4 December 1910 disguised as a Muslim to escape arrest and remained there as exile. Aiyar remained in Pondicherry for over ten years. While in Pondicherry, Aiyar met with fellow revolutionaries Subramanya Bharathi and Aurobindo. In Pondicherry, Aiyar was involved in the plot to assassinate Ashe, the Collector of Tirunelveli. One of his students, Vanchinathan assassinated Ashe. Thus more trouble arose for Aiyar and his companion Subramanya Bharathi.

On 22 September 1914 the German cruiser SMS Emden entered the Madras harbour and bombarded the city. The British colonial government blamed this on the activities of the exiles in Pondicherry, and urged the French Governor to deport Aiyar and his companions to Africa. The French police brought several charges against the revolutionaries, but failed to convict them. During this period Aiyar translated the Tirukkural into English. He later revealed that he wanted to leave a legacy behind if he were forced to leave the country.

Aiyar returned to Madras after World War I and worked as the editor of the newspaper Desabhaktan (Patriot). He was arrested in 1921 on sedition charges and spent nine months in prison. While in prison Aiyar wrote the book A Study of Kamba Ramayana.

As a writer, Aiyar has often been referred to as the "founder" of the short story genre in Tamil. 

Venkatesa Subramaniam Aiyar was a close friend of Shuddhananda Bharati; he started with him the Bharadwaja Ashram at Cheranmadevi. Aiyar drowned in the Papanasam falls, when trying to save his drowning daughter Subhadra, on 3 June 1925

The Paika Revolt

The Paika Revolt was spearheaded by  Buxi Jagabandhu or Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar. He was the Rodhanga landowner and had been chosen as the "Senapati" by the Khurda king. In fact, the Paikas of Khurda, led by Buxi, spoke out against the British Rule's hefty taxes, illegal encroachment on tax-free territories, and salt restrictions. The Paikas of adjacent communities like Nayagarh, Daspalla, Boudh and Ranpur were drawn towards Buxi because of his captivating personality and strong organisational skills.

Buxi Jagabandhu was the Chief Commander of the army of the minor Khurda monarch Mukunda Dev and was born in Rorar Garh in or around 1769. His contribution to the Jayi Rajaguru-led struggle against the British is not recorded in history. Many people had anticipated competent governance and respect for the preexisting social order once the British took control of Khurda. However, the British replaced many Oriyan aristocratic families who had lost control over their lands with non-Oriyan aristocrats and imposed new taxes.

LEADING THE UPRISING

On April 1, 1817, Baxi Jagabandhu led the war against the British and defeated them on April 4, 1817. He did this by rallying the angry Paikas from Khurda and the surrounding estates, winning the backing of the tribal Khandha population of Ghumusar. Former King Mukunda Dev, who was then staying in Puri, was asked to lead the uprising by Jagabandhu, but he rejected the proposal. This did not deter Jagabandhu from carrying on with the uprising. In places like Puri, Kujanga, and Pattamundil, where numerous British soldiers and informers were slain, the Insurrection spread like wildfire. On April 17, however, the British imposed martial law, fought the insurgents, and routed them..

BRITISH OFFER INCENTIVE FOR BUXI'S CAPTURE

The main planner of the Palka Rebellion, Buxi Jagabandhu, left Khurda and walked into the Ghumusar forest's dense cover. A romantic section of the Paika uprising of 1817 is the British witch hunt and Buxi's retreat into the woodlands. The British thought that the seizure of Buxi was necessary for Khurda to be peaceful. Guerrilla warfare continued for seven arduous years. despite hardship, demonstrating national zeal. On April 19, 1819, Buxi sent Lt. Melville a letter requesting that Ramachandra Deva be restored to his gadi, which would end all issues.

Later, he travelled to his father-in-law's home in Shergad and hid in Boud and Daspalla's dense jungle.. When Buxi heard that plans were being made for his arrest, he promptly left Boudh and returned to the Ghumusar jungle, where the British Government had announced incentives for his capture, dead or alive. Major Roughsedge had contacted the monarch of Boudh to arrange for Buxl's arrest.

After learning informally that Buxi Jagabandhu was present in the Kandha tribal village of Ghumusar, Brigadier General Thomas immediately launched a search operation and gheraoed the neighbourhood in an effort to apprehend Bux. The British Commissioner was constrained to issue an official proclamation that no harm would come from any source, including the government, in the event that Buxi wanted to surrender due to the British authorities' repeated failure to apprehend Buxd Jagabandhu. However, the proclamation had no impact since Buxi Jagabandhu had little faith in the words and deeds of the British. The two wives of Buxd Jagabandhu, his little son, his Gumasta, and his personal home servant were all imprisoned in the Barabati fort by the British overlords in 1819 in an effort to force Buxl to submit. However, the British rulers' strategies ended up being fruitless. Therefore, in 1820, the British government freed the Bux family members who had been

BUXI HAD MENTAL FORTITUDE, IRON WILL, TENACIOUS RESISTANCE, AND THE RESOLVE TO DEFEND THE CAUSE WITH UNWAVERING DEDICATION

imprisoned in the Barabati fort. Finally, the British Commissioner T Pakenham wrote to the monarch of Nayagada to request his help in persuading Buxi Jagabandhu to submit. For the capitulation of Buxd, the British government set forth specific requirements. The government was required to provide him with a monthly stipend of Rs 150 in the event of his surrender, and he would continue to live in Cuttack with his family. In the event that Buxi left Cuttack, the British Commissioner would have given his previous approval.

SURRENDERING WITHOUT HUMILIATION

Since the aforementioned circumstances were not offensive, the monarch of Nayagarh encouraged Buxi Jagabandhu to surrender before the British authorities. Buxi Jagabandhu finally surrendered to the British authorities on May 25, 1825, and he and his family afterwards resided in Cuttack. Buxi would not reportedly leave Cuttack without the Commissioner's consent. The Buxi title had to be given up by him. He was given permission to remain in Cuttack with his family and was given a lifetime pension of Rs 150. There were no rude terms in the agreement. As a result, the capitulation reflected his dignity. The majority of his demands were met by the British. Buxi triumphed as a hero without experiencing any humiliation as a result of the surrender. In accordance with the terms and circumstances set forth by the British Government, Buxi Jagabandhu's monthly stipend that had been given for his upkeep was terminated following his death on January 24, 1829, when he departed this world for the heavenly abode. Thus, one of first Wars for Independence came to a close, led by Baxi Jagabandhu, who will always be remembered in India as a symbol of valour and leadership. 

Reviewing the events, it can be seen that Buxi had mental fortitude, iron will, tenacious resistance, and the resolve to defend the cause with unwavering dedication. He caused the British Government constant worry for eight years. He was a renowned leader in the history of the liberation fight in Odisha and a devoted nationalist, People's complaints and unhappiness against exploitative colonial rule led to the Revolt of 1817.

Revenge of Hindus Gopal Patha

Jinnah chose Kolkata (Calcutta) for his Direct Action day coz he wanted to have Kolkata in Pakistan. Kolkata was a major business city of India at that time, & Jinnah didn’t want to lose Kolkata!

The mission to Make Kolkata Hindu-free was given to Suhrawardy, who was Chief Minister of Bengal, & loyal to Jinnah.

At that time, Calcutta had 64% Hindus and 33% Muslims in 1946.

Suhrawardy started to execute his plan on 16th August - a strike was declared by him & all Muslims closed their shops, & gathered in masjid. It was Friday,18th day of Ramzan, and after namaz, a

Muslim mob started to butcher Hindus!

And as Suhrawardy expected, Hindus didn’t show any resistance, and easily succumbed to Muslim mobs.

Suhrawardy assured the Muslim mobs, that he has instructed the Police to not come in the way of their mission.

Mobs of lakhs of Muslims, armed with iron rods, swords and other dangerous weapons, spread to several parts of Calcutta, and neighbouring areas.

A Hindu shop of arms and weapons near the Muslim League office was attacked first. it was looted and burnt to ashes. The owner and his employees were beheaded. Hindus were chopped down ike vegetables. Many Hindu women and young girls were kidnapped and taken away as sex slaves.

On 16th August thousands of Hindus were killed & Hindu women were raped.

Killings continued on 17th August also.

600 Hindu labourers, mostly from Orissa at Kesoram Cotton Mills Lichubagan were beheaded.

A dance of massacre was going on in Kolkata. Hindus were running away from Kolkata, Suhrawardy was assured about his victory by 19th August.

Thousands of Hindus had been killed till 17th August.

But on 18th August, A Hindu decided to resist the Muslim mibs!He was a Bengali Brahmin & his name was Gopal Mukherjee. His friends used to call him Patha coz he used to run a meat shop.

He used to live at Malanga Lane in the Bowbazar area of Kolkata.

Gopal was 33 year old that time, & a staunch nationalist, and firm follower of Subash Chandra Bose & critique of Gandhi’s principle of non-violence.

Gopal used to run a street organization Bharat Jatiya Bahini. He had 500 - 700 people in his team - all were well-trained wrestlers.

On 18th Aug Gopal decided that they will not run away, & will will do a counter attack on the Muslims.

He called his wrestlers, gave them weapons. A Marwari businessman decided to finance him, & gave him adequate money.

His plan was first to secure Hindu areas by counter attacks.

His words were “Kill 10 Muslims for every 1 Hindu!”

Thr Muslim League had lakhs of jihadis, while Gopal had only few hundred fighters, but they made a plan, & decided to fight till end to save Kolkata becoming a Muslim city.

They made the rules that unlike Muslims they will not touch any enemy women n children.

Gopal himself was having 2 pistols that he had got from Azad Hind Fauj. From the afternoon of 18th Aug, Hindus under leadership of Gopal, started to fight back.

On 18th, when the Muslims came to Hindu colony to kill Hindus, they were greeted by Gopal’s team.

Gopal’s team killed each n every Muslim mobster who came to kill the Hindus & by the 19th, they had secured all Hindu colonies.

It was a complete surprise for Suhrawardy.

He didn’t think that Hindus will resist in this way.

When by 19th August they had secured Hindu areas, their revenge started from 20th August.

They marked all Jehadis who killed Hindus on 16th and 17th August & attacked them on 20th August.

By 19th the message was passed (reached) to all Hindus, that Hindus under the leadership of Gopal, were fighting the Muslims!

So by 21st August, a lot of Hindus had joined him, now started the revenge of the Hindus!

They killed so many Muslims in 2 days, that by 21st, deaths of Muslims outnumbered the deaths of Hindus!

The game had changed by 22nd August now! The Muslims were running away from Kolkata.

Suhrawardy accepted his defeat, & rushed to Congress leaders to request them to stop Gopal Patha, who had become Yamraj for the Muslims.

Gopal got ready on the conditions that all Muslims surrender their weapons to him, that Suhrawardy accepted.

Jinnah's plan to capture Kolkata was shattered by 22nd August.

The Bhagwa Flag was flying in Kolkata.

After Kolkata, Gopal did not dissolve his organization, and kept saving Hindus of Bengal.

When everything was over, as Police comes at the end of a feature film, Gandhi met to Gopal with his lessons of non violence, and Hindu-Muslim Unity, and asked him to surrender his Shastras (weapons).

Gopal’s words were “Gandhi called me twice, I didn’t go. The third time, some local Congi leaders told me that I should at least deposit some of my arms. I went there. I saw people coming and depositing weapons, which were of no use to anyone, out-of-order pistols, that sort of thing!"

Then Gandhi’s Secretary said to me: ‘Gopal, why don’t you surrender your arms to Gandhiji?’

 Gopal replied, `"With these arms, I saved the women of my area, I saved the people. I will not surrender them. Where was Gandhiji, I said, during the Great Calcutta Killing? Where was he then? Even if I’ve used a nail to kill someone, I won’t surrender even that nail!”

Suhrawardy said “When Hindus make up their minds to fight back, they are the most deadly and lethal race in the world!"

Gopal Patha and Syama Prasad Mukherjee were the two legendary heroes who saved the Hindus of Bengal from Jehadi Muslim mobsters!

But before reading this, how many of you were aware of Gopal Patha?

Since Gopal did not follow Gandhi’s principle, his name was removed from books of history.

But he is the unsung Hero of India, who saved lives of lakhs of people.

Only due to him Kolkata is part of India today.

Never forget this name – Gopal Patha!